Excel Function

Two columns of numbers — do they move together? The CORREL function answers with a single number between −1 and +1. A result of +0.967 means a very strong positive relationship: when one variable rises, the other rises proportionally. A result of −0.841 means a strong inverse relationship. A result near zero means little or no linear association exists.
This guide covers eight practical examples: basic correlation between two variables, building a 4×4 correlation matrix with conditional formatting, testing statistical significance using the t-test and TDIST, filtering to a specific category with conditional CORREL, rolling correlation to track how the relationship changes over time, finding the strongest pairs across a matrix using LARGE and SMALL, calculating Spearman rank correlation for non-normal or outlier-heavy data, and building a self-updating dashboard that outputs a plain-English label like “r = 0.967 (Very strong positive).” The guide also covers the most important limitation: a high CORREL result does not mean one variable causes the other.

Learn how to use Excel’s LOGEST function for exponential regression. This tutorial covers growth factor extraction, CAGR, R², F-statistic, p-values, exponential decay, half-life, multi-variable models, and 8 practical examples.

Learn how to use Excel’s LINEST function for full linear regression analysis in the given dataset. This blogpost covers slope, intercept, R², F-statistic, p-values, standard errors, multiple regression, polynomial curves, and residual analysis with 8 real world examples.

Excel has no dedicated tick-mark button, but it offers five distinct ways to insert one. The Symbol dialog works for one-off insertions with no setup. Alt+0252 in Wingdings is the fastest keyboard-only method. Shift+P in Wingdings 2 is even quicker once the column is pre-formatted. The CHAR function brings ticks inside formulas — combine it with IF to show a tick when a task is done and a cross when it isn’t. Unicode ✓ and ✔ paste directly into any font without changing a thing. This guide covers all five methods, then shows how to count ticks with COUNTIF, restrict a column to ticks and crosses only using data validation, and color entire rows green or red with conditional formatting

Excel has no built-in SPELLNUMBER function, but three methods fill the gap. The VBA NumToWords function is the most flexible — paste the code once into a module, save as .xlsm, and use =NumToWords(A1) anywhere in the workbook. The AmountToWords extension adds currency and sub-unit names, producing invoice-ready output like “One Thousand Two Hundred Fifty Dollars and Seventy-Five Cents” automatically. For macro-restricted environments, a LAMBDA function defined in the Name Manager achieves the same result with no VBA at all — fully compatible with .xlsx files. This guide covers all three methods with eight practical examples: basic conversion, multi-currency invoice lines (USD, GBP, AED, INR, EUR), cheque format with the XX/100 fraction convention, a dynamic currency table driven by XLOOKUP, and how to lock the output as static text before sharing a finalised document.

Use Excel’s GROWTH function to model exponential relationships and forecast future values from existing data. This practical tutorial explains the GROWTH syntax, how known x and y values are used to calculate an exponential trend, and how to generate predictions for new data points. You’ll learn how GROWTH differs from linear forecasting functions and how it can be applied to sales projections, revenue growth, population models, financial analysis, and other situations where values increase or decrease exponentially. Ideal for analysts, finance professionals, students, researchers, business planners, and advanced Excel users working with forecasting and trend analysis.

Learn how to forecast future values in Excel with the powerful FORECAST.ETS function. This practical tutorial explains how Excel uses exponential smoothing to analyze historical time-series data, identify trends and seasonality, and generate forecasts for future periods. Explore the FORECAST.ETS syntax, timeline and target-date requirements, seasonal settings, confidence intervals, and practical forecasting examples. Ideal for analysts, finance professionals, business planners, sales teams, students, and Excel users who need to turn historical data into useful forward-looking forecasts.

Learn how to calculate variance in Excel and measure how widely data points are spread around the mean. This practical tutorial explains the difference between sample variance and population variance, when to use VAR.S and VAR.P, and how to calculate variance step by step with Excel formulas. You’ll also learn how variance relates to standard deviation and how to interpret the results in real-world data analysis. Ideal for students, analysts, researchers, accountants, finance professionals, and Excel users working with statistical datasets.

Learn when to use STDEV.S and STDEV.P in Excel. This tutorial blog covers Bessel’s correction, quality control, financial volatility, z-scores, rolling standard deviation, and 8 practical examples with formulas. Explore other tutorials to learn more about Excel Functions.

Master Excel’s PERCENTILE.INC, PERCENTILE.EXC, QUARTILE.INC, PERCENTRANK, and RANK.EQ functions. This tutorial blog covers eight practical examples covering performance banding, salary analysis, outlier detection, grading curves, and executive dashboards.

You run a quartile formula on your data and share the report. A colleague checks the same numbers in R and gets different results. Another uses a TI-84 calculator and gets a third set. All three are correct — they just use different methods.
Excel exposes both major approaches through two functions. QUARTILE.INC uses the inclusive method, matching R, Python, and the legacy QUARTILE function. QUARTILE.EXC uses the exclusive method, matching academic textbooks and TI calculators. Choosing the wrong one doesn’t break your spreadsheet, but it produces numbers that don’t match your team’s expectation.
This guide covers the full syntax, the quart 0–4 support table (including why QUARTILE.EXC returns #NUM! for quart = 0 and 4), and eight practical examples: side-by-side comparison on the same dataset, IQR calculation, outlier detection with the 1.5×IQR fence rule, the five-number summary, salary band classification, box-and-whisker chart preparation, academic grade analysis, and the relationship between QUARTILE and PERCENTILE functions.

When a dataset has two equally popular values, Excel’s MODE function silently returns only one — dropping the other without warning. The MODE.MULT function corrects this by returning all modes as a vertical array. This matters for survey analysis, quality control, and any task where knowing every most-common value changes the conclusion. This guide covers 8 practical examples: basic multimodal detection, IFERROR clean output, TRANSPOSE for horizontal display, COUNTIF frequency verification, survey polarisation analysis, sales order mode detection, a TEXTJOIN mode-list label, and how to handle all-unique datasets that have no mode at all.